Each core component of a boiler serves a critical function. The combustion system, often referred to as the boiler’s “heart,” is responsible for fuel combustion and heat release, forming the central link in the boiler’s energy conversion process. The combustion system primarily includes components such as the burner, grate, and furnace chamber. Fuel is mixed with air via the burner before entering the furnace chamber, where combustion reactions occur, releasing substantial thermal energy to provide the driving force for heating the working fluid.
Beyond this “heart,” safety valves and pressure gauges are indispensable safety accessories directly impacting boiler operation, earning them the title of the boiler’s “safety guardians.”
Pressure gauges measure the internal pressure during boiler operation. They enable operators to correctly manage the boiler and ensure safe operation. Each boiler must be equipped with a pressure gauge directly connected to the steam space of the drum. Boilers operating at different working pressures require gauges with varying accuracy levels. Pressure gauges must be installed in locations that facilitate observation and cleaning, while shielding them from radiant heat, freezing temperatures, and vibrations. A three-way valve and a water trap should be installed below the pressure gauge. Their installation, inspection, and maintenance must comply with national metrology regulations. Calibration must be performed at least once every six months, and the gauge should be sealed with lead after calibration.
Safety valves automatically prevent boiler steam pressure from exceeding predetermined allowable limits, ensuring safe boiler operation. When the boiler pressure reaches the specified limit, the safety valve automatically opens to release steam and sound an alarm, alerting operators to take action. After opening, the safety valve discharges sufficient steam to reduce the boiler pressure to a point below the valve’s opening pressure, at which point it automatically closes. This maintains the boiler pressure within safe limits, preventing explosions.
